Uspensky Vrazhek is an ancient Moscow area between Tverskaya and Nikitskaya Streets. It was first mentioned in the 16th-century chronicle. Lithuanian Ambassador's Court and the Ambassador's Court of the Roman Empire situated there. Aloisio the New's house, who was a famous architect, was also said to be there.
In 1601, the Church was mentioned for the first time.
In 1629, the wooden Church of the Assumption burned down during the big fire.
In 1634, the Church was rebuilt.
In 1647, the first stone church was constructed with support from G. Gorikhvostov.
In 1707, a wooden side chapel dedicated to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker was built in the churchyard.
The Church's history is associated with the Yankov's family owning the neighbouring estate and taking care of the Church's welfare.
In 1735, D. Yankov added a new side church dedicated to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker to the Church itself. The side church became the Yankovs' burial vault.
In 1781, the St. Nicholas's Church was rebuilt because of its dilapidated condition.
In 1812, the Church was scorched.
The Church of the Assumption was used in summer time only. In winter, church services were held in the heated side church of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker.
In the mid-1850s, S. Zhivago, who purchased the Yankovs' estate, was elected to the position of the churchwarden. On his order, architect Alexander Nikitin designed a spacious church with three altars and a bell tower to be attached to the St. Nicholas's Church.
On 30 May 1857, the design of the Church of the Assumption in Vrazhek was approved by Tsar.
In 1860, construction of the now existing church was completed. The new church had three altars dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, the Beheading of St. John the Baptist, and St. Sergius of Radonezh, the saint of the church builder.
On 20 September 1860, the Church was consecrated by Metropolitan Philaret (Drozdov) of Moscow.
Finishing work continued until 1890s. As late as 1870, churchwarden Josef Zhivago, S. Zhivago's brother, donated money to plaster and paint the Church, and to gold-plate the dome.
In 1910, the 50th anniversary of the Church was solemnly celebrated.
In 1920, an agreement between the Church and the Moscow Council of Workers and Red Army Men was made to hand over the church's buildings for an unlimited period of time and free of charge.
In 1924, by the decision of the Presidium of the Moscow City Hall, the agreement was terminated.
The Church was handed over to the State Archives of Moscow Region. During the Soviet times, the Church's and bell tower's domes were lost. The same happened to sculptures, decorations, interior furnishings, and church property. The side church of St. Nicholas was demolished when the House of Composers was built.
In 1979, an international call centre was set up in the Church.
In 1992, by the decision of the Moscow Government, the Church was handed back to the Russian Orthodox Church.
In 1996, the basement was returned to the church community. On the Second Sunday of Easter of the same year, the reopened Church hosted its first Divine Liturgy. The side chapel was dedicated to St. Nicholas the Wonderworker in memory of the demolished side church.
In 1998, the upper church of the Assumption was handed back.
In 1999, in the Afterfeast of the Assumption, the side chapel was consecrated and dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary.
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