The Timiryazev State Museum of Biology was founded in 1922 by B. M. Zavadovsky. The idea to establish this museum, unique in its subject matter, originated from within the walls of the Shanyavsky (People's) University (which existed from 1908 to 1919) where Zavadovsky completed his internship in N. K. Koltsov's laboratory of experimental biology.
The museum was the first in the world to feature exhibitions on branches of biology such as ecology, plant and human physiology, endocrinology, genetics and evolution theory.
Today the museum's resources number 60,000 items. Among the many unique collections are anthropological reconstructions (by M. M. Gerasimov and his students, the members of the Laboratory of waxed reconstruction and the Institute for Forensic Medicine), a collection of mollusc shells (materials of A. G. Lisichenko and A. P. Sokolov form the basis of this collection), the museum's botanical collection (including the herbaria of A. Petunnikov), zoological collections of natural scientists (for example, bird carcasses collected by Y. Spangenberg), a collection of wet preparations on abnormal embryological development. Thanks to expeditions made by museum staff and highly qualified artists and taxidermists the museum is able to regularly replenish its collections.
The museum's cosy display rooms, measuring just 900 sq. m. in area, house a range of exhibitions that is unique in terms of subjects covered that cannot be found elsewhere in Russia: "Biosphere and Humans", "Wild World", "Plant Life", "Physiology and Anatomy of Animals", "Physiology of Plants", "Evolution Theory", "Evolution of Terrestrial Life", "Descent and Evolution of Man", "Genetics".
The museum follows the principles of B. M. Zavadovsky and acts as an educational institution oriented to pupils, students and teachers. The range of exhibitions means that today it is possible to run tours on 60 different topics (taking into account all the different ages of visitors).
To meet modern demands the museum teachers have developed interactive programs for children and families (for example, "The Room of Discoveries", "The Family Labyrinth" biological game) as well as offering various season tickets for primary school children.
Club exhibitions for enthusiasts of minerals, cactuses, orchids and flower arrangements are regularly held in the museum's display rooms and there is also a biology hobby group. The museum's permanent exhibitions are "The Kingdom of Mushrooms" and "The Underwater World in Magical Spheres".
Temporary exhibitions of the museum resources are notable for their interesting subjects and presentations: "Building a House is No Problem for Us (animals as builders)", "A Russian Hunting Song", "Walking with Pushkin or Nature through the Eyes of the Poet", "Prophetic Raven — Portentous Raven", "On Nature's Stage", among many others. The museum has also designed and houses mobile interactive exhibitions "Hands" and "Island of Discoveries".
The museum cooperates with many scientific, creative and public organizations, takes part in federal biological and ecological programs, and is widely regarded as not only an institution of biology but a "Human and Nature" Centre for arts and aesthetics.
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