The Bohdan and Varvara Khanenko Museum of Arts was founded in 1919 and was based on their private museum.
Having become a student at the law faculty of the Moscow University, Bohdan Khanenko acquired the first exhibits of his collection. In 1897, he became the head of the Kiev Society of Antiques and Art and was one of the founders of the National Art Museum in Kiev. Regularly visiting antique shops and the largest Europe's auctions, Khanenko managed to amass his own collection; the core of this collection consisted of a number of paintings including those by F. Cesare, Joshua Reynolds, Francisco de Zurbaran, Diego Velazquez, and others.
In 1887, Khanenko commissioned a special mansion for keeping the art collection from the architect Robert Friedrich Meltzer. This building has been housing the collection till the present day.
Khanenko's will required that after his death all the collection amassed by him be donated to the city of Kiev under a condition that the museum be named after him and his wife Varvara Khanenko (1857–1922).
During the Soviet time, the collection suffered significant changes: many monuments and Khanenko's archive were irretrievably lost. At the same time, due to a merger of private collections the holdings of the Museum grew by a factor of over 13, from 1,250 to almost 17,000 works. Over 2,000 exhibits are on permanent display at the Museum.
Khanenko showed a special interest in the culture and art of Ancient Egypt. This is why it is not surprising that his collection contained around 30 monuments of Ancient Egypt. At present, the holdings of the Museum contain 38 exhibits related to various periods of the history of Egypt, from Early Dynastic Egypt to Greco-Roman Egypt.
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